1 In the Preface, what does Nietzsche identify as the central question driving his inquiry?
Correct. Nietzsche asks a question moral philosophers usually skip: what is the value of our moral values themselves? Answering it requires a critique of morality, beginning with its origins.
Nietzsche is not choosing between existing moral theories or arguing about God. In the Preface he turns the question back on morality itself.
2 Nietzsche describes his method as "genealogical." A genealogy of morality, in his sense, involves:
Correct. Genealogy traces where moral concepts came from: the historical conditions, power relations, and psychological needs out of which they grew.
A genealogy is a history of descent. Ask what Nietzsche thinks we learn by tracing the conditions in which moral concepts arose.
3 Nietzsche criticizes the "English psychologists" (such as Paul Rée) primarily because:
Correct. Nietzsche credits the English psychologists with seeking historical origins but says they assumed the unegoistic is good and simply explained it by utility. They never questioned the value of the morality they were explaining.
Nietzsche's complaint is about what these psychologists took for granted. Revisit The Genealogical Method: did they question the values they were explaining?
4 A standard philosophical objection to Nietzsche's genealogical project holds that even if our moral concepts originated in ressentiment and power struggles, this does not by itself show those concepts are false or untrustworthy. This objection is sometimes called:
Correct. The genetic fallacy is judging a belief by its origin rather than by its truth or justification. Critics say that even ugly origins would not by themselves show our values are wrong.
The objection concerns the relation between where a belief came from and whether it is true. Ask which fallacy names that confusion.
5 In Nietzsche's account of master morality, "good" is originally:
Correct. In master morality, 'good' starts as the nobles' self-description. The powerful call themselves good, and the term expresses their own strength and vitality.
In master morality, 'good' comes first, and it is something the nobles say about themselves. Ask who is doing the naming.
6 In master morality's "good/bad" vocabulary, the term "bad" refers to:
Correct. For the nobles, 'bad' (schlecht) just means common, low, and inferior. It is a judgment of rank, not of moral wickedness.
Master morality's 'bad' is not the same as slave morality's 'evil.' Ask whether it carries condemnation or simply marks lower status.
7 The key structural difference between master morality and slave morality is that:
Correct. Master morality starts with a yes to itself and derives 'bad' afterward. Slave morality starts with a no to the other, 'evil,' and defines 'good' as a reaction against it.
The difference is about which judgment comes first. Ask whether each morality begins by affirming itself or by negating its enemy.
8 Nietzsche uses the French term ressentiment rather than "resentment" to describe:
Correct. Ressentiment is hostility that cannot be discharged in action. It festers, turns inward, and eventually becomes creative, giving birth to a new morality.
Nietzsche uses the French word for something more specific than ordinary resentment. Ask what happens to hostility that cannot be acted on.
9 According to Nietzsche, the "slave revolt in morality" accomplished which of the following?
Correct. The slave revolt revalued values. What the nobles called good, strength and pride, became evil, and what they looked down on, weakness and humility, became good. That inversion came to dominate Western morality.
The slave revolt was a revolt in values, not in military or political power. Ask what it did to the meaning of 'good' and 'evil.'
10 Nietzsche associates the historical origin of the slave revolt in morality primarily with:
Correct. Nietzsche traces the slave revolt to the priestly class of ancient Israel, whose revaluation was carried by Christianity throughout the Roman world.
Nietzsche places the slave revolt in the ancient world, long before the Enlightenment or industrialization. Revisit the First Treatise on the role of the priestly caste.